Selection of features from power theories to compose NILM datasets

The load disaggregation concept is gaining attention due to the increasing need for optimized energy utilization and detailed characterization of electricity consumption profiles, especially through Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) approaches. This occurs since knowledge about individualized consumption per appliance allows to create strategies striving for energy savings, improvement of energy efficiency, and creating energy awareness to consumers. Moreover, by using feature extraction to devise energy disaggregation, one can achieve accurate identification of electric appliances. However, even though several literature works propose distinct features to be utilized, no consensus exists in the literature about the most appropriate set of features that ensure high accuracy on load disaggregation. Thus, beyond presenting a critical analysis of some significant features often selected in the literature, this paper proposes identifying the most relevant ones considering collinearity and machine learning algorithms. The results show that high-performance metrics can be achieved with fewer features than usually adopted in the literature. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the Conservative Power Theory can offer the most representative features for appliance identification, leading to efficient power consumption disaggregation.     

Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid energy system for CCHP and hydrogen production based on solar energy

A typical problem in Northeast China is that a large amount of surplus electricity has arisen owing to the serious photovoltaic power curtailment phenomenon. To effectively utilize the excess photovoltaic power, a hybrid energy system is proposed that uses surplus electricity to produce hydrogen in this paper. It combines solar energy, hydrogen production system, and Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) system to realize cooling, heating, power, and hydrogen generation. The system supplies energy for three public buildings in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China, and the system configuration with the lowest unit energy cost (0.0615$/kWh) was obtained via optimization. Two comparison strategies were used to evaluate the hybrid energy system in terms of unit energy cost, annual total cost, fossil energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Subsequently, the annual total energy supply, typical daily loads, and cost of the optimized system were analyzed. In conclusion, the system is feasible for small area public buildings, and provides a solution to solve the phenomenon of photovoltaic power curtailment.     

真空热处理炉布料矩阵优化仿真分析

为了获得更高的加热效率和更好的温度均匀性,采用有限元软件建立了真空热处理炉加热过程仿真模型,并耦合PID算法用于温度控制。通过与实测温度对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。借助该模型,模拟研究了布料矩阵对两种典型形状零件在真空热处理炉内加热特性的影响。模拟装炉时基于零件几何形状特征,对圆棒形工件采用顺排、叉排和环形排列3种形式,对圆盘形工件采用横排式和竖排式。研究结果表明:尽管零件形状和数量相同,但是随着布料矩阵的变化,加热效率和温度均匀性都会改变。对于圆棒形工件,采用环形排列不仅可以提高内部工件的加热速率,而且相较于叉排式可以将最大温差减小36 ℃;对于圆盘形工件,由水平式改为竖直式布料可以将最大温差由248 ℃减小至171 ℃。     

A review of root,tuber and banana crops in developing countries: past,present and future

For many of the developing world's poorest farmers and food-insecure people, roots, tubers, bananas and plantain crops (RTBs) serve as a critical source of food, nutrition and cash income. RTBs have been particularly important in areas where local agri-food systems are under stress. Under such circumstances, growers, processors and traders often see opportunities to improve food security or increase their incomes with those crops due to shifting tastes and preferences for food and non-food products. Since the early 1990s, cassava output surged in sub-Saharan Africa, while potato production expanded rapidly in Asia. RTBs are consumed by over three billion people in developing countries with a market value of US$ 339 billion. This paper analyses the major changes in production, utilisation and trade of RTBs over the last six decades, assesses estimates of their future trajectory and offers recommendations so that they might achieve their full potential.     

2 000 t/d水泥生产线烧成系统技术改造

为了解决烧成系统不稳定，操作控制困难，对煤质的适应性差，存在安全、环保隐患，系统能耗高等问题，在保留原预热器框架不变的情况下，加大了C1旋风筒上部直筒段及涡壳，重新设置了C2、C3、C4旋风筒导流板，重新设计了C5旋风筒涡壳，并改造了相应的连接风管和下料管，更换了锁风翻板阀和撒料箱。同时将带流化床的管道式离线分解炉改为在线喷旋管道式分解炉，并对三次风管进行了改造，三次风从分解炉锥部单股旋切引入。本次技术改造实现了原定的各项技改目标，取得了良好的节能降耗效果。     

Prediction of Power Consumption in a Mechanically Agitated Gassed Reactor in Viscous Batches

Volumetric mass transfer coefficient, power input, and gas holdup are key parameters in the design of mechanically agitated gas‐liquid contactors. Although the majority of industrial batches are of higher viscosity, reliable transport characteristics correlations for viscous batches are lacking in literature. These correlations are often based on the power input as the scale of energy dissipation. In order to develop reliable power input correlations, its measurements were carried out in a pilot‐plant vessel using multiple impellers of various types and diameters. Power input correlation shapes providing the best match with the comprehensive database are also expected to predict most precisely the impeller power in industrial‐scale vessels.     

UEs Power Reduction Evolution with Adaptive Mechanism over LTE Wireless Networks

At present, the major drawback for mobile phones is the issue of power consumption. As one of the alternatives to decrease the power consumption of standard, power-hungry location-based services usually require the knowledge of how individual phone features consume power. A typical phone feature is that the applications related to multimedia streaming utilize more power while receiving, processing, and displaying the multimedia contents, thus contributing to the increased power consumption. There is a growing concern that current battery modules have limited capability in fulfilling the long-term energy need for the progress on the mobile phone because of increasing power consumption during multimedia streaming processes. Considering this, in this paper, we provide an offline meaning sleep-mode method to compute the minimum power consumption comparing with the power-on solution to save power by implementing energy rate adaptation (RA) mechanism based on mobile excess energy level purpose to save battery power use. Our simulation results show that our RA method preserves efficient power while achieving better throughput compared with the mechanism without rate adaptation (WRA).     

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive SBS/Graphene Composite Fiber for Strain Sensors

Flexible strain sensors have attracted tremendous interests due to the emergence of intelligent wearable technology. Electrically conductive fibers are desirable candidates for flexible strain sensors, but up til now, there still exist enormous challenges to obtain conductive fibers exhibiting simultaneously high stretchability and high strain sensitivity. This paper introduces a poly (styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS)/graphene (Gr) composite fiber‐based flexible strain sensor fabricated by a facile and highly scalable wet spinning method. The results demonstrate that the graphene content has significant influence on the morphology, mechanical properties, and electromechanical properties of the composite fibers. The fibers with 5 wt% graphene have a wide response range of up to 100% strain, a high electrical sensitivity with the gauge factor of 10083.98 at 100% strain, and meanwhile, a high level of stability for 2100 stretching–releasing cycles under an applied strain of 20%. Furthermore, the SBS‐5%Gr composite fibers display excellent sensing performance in detecting human upper limb movements at different joints including hand joints, wrist joints, elbow joints, and shoulder joints.     

最低点火温度条件下煤粉自燃特性试验研究

火电厂及煤化工行业中需要将原煤加工成煤粉,煤粉在制备及输送过程中具有粒度小、环境温度高和供氧条件充分等特点,易发生自燃现象。最低点火温度Tm指在一定条件下煤粉能够发生自燃的最低环境温度,是衡量煤粉自燃危险性的重要参数。因此,研究煤粉在最低点火温度下的自燃特性参数及热动力学行为,对了解在最低点火温度时煤粉自燃行为、建立相应的预警机制具有重要意义。以3种不同变质程度的煤粉(张家卯弱黏煤ZJM、兖州气煤YZ和长治贫瘦煤CZ)为研究对象,采用油浴程序控温试验装置对煤样自燃特性进行测试,确定了3种煤粉的Tm和延迟点火时间ti;得出最低点火温度下各煤样耗氧速率、CO及C2H4产生量的变化规律;采用热动力学分析方法计算了3种煤粉的表观活化能。试验结果表明:①ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的最低点火温度分别为120、130、164℃,随变质程度的增加而增加;煤的变质程度越高,内部活性基团数量越少,自燃需要热量更多,导致高变质程度煤的最低点火温度较高;3种煤粉在最低点火温度处的延迟点火时间均约为20 min。②耗氧速率呈现出先增加后缓慢减少的趋势,在试验后期由于氧气浓度较低,引起煤粉氧化反应强度降低,最终导致耗氧速率出现缓慢下降;最低点火温度处的CO产生量随时间呈现出先升高后降低趋势,当煤粉温度约120℃时,产生C2H4。③最低点火温度处ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的表观活化能分别为24.33、29.50和18.67 kJ/mol,其中变质程度最高的CZ煤粉的表观活化能低于另外2个煤样,这表明高变质程度煤样的最低点火温度高,初期氧化反应速率较高。     

基于相位补偿的矿井超宽带雷达压缩感知成像算法

基于UWB信号的井下探测成像系统中,根据Nyquist采样定理,提高发射信号的带宽以获取高分辨率,将导致大量的采样数据产生,过大的采样率将会在成像系统的硬件实现上带来很大困难。另一方面,在实际成像过程中,成像数据的完整性决定了最后成像结果的准确性,但由于存在不可避免的误差和噪声影响,以及塌方体阻碍下目标的隐蔽性,这些因素都将使得成像目标的回波数据无法满足成像要求。因此,在对目标回波进行成像处理之前,必须对回波数据进行处理,通过相关算法使回波数据满足理想的成像模型,最后聚焦方位向回波信息得到目标成像结果。为了提高穿透塌方体遮蔽目标成像的分辨率,并解决超宽带信号穿透塌方体成像得到方位向回波数据不足的问题,通过对传统的压缩感知成像算法进行分析介绍,结合井下具体成像环境,提出一种基于相位误差估计的CS成像算法对回波数据进行补偿。该算法的核心思想就是通过对回波数据计算得到相位误差,首先对回波信号的稀疏性进行验证,并构建目标信号的测量矩阵,利用CS成像算法对回波数据重构的同时对数据进行补偿,通过反复迭代误差估计,逐渐提高回波数据量和成像的质量。最后通过不同场景的仿真试验,验证所提算法在回波数据补偿问题上的有效性。